Virginia Beach Sex Crime Lawyer: Proven Legal Defense

Key Takeaways for Your Sex Crime Defense in Virginia Beach

  • Immediate Legal Counsel is Paramount: Do not speak with law enforcement without your attorney present. Anything you say can be used against you.
  • Understand Virginia’s Harsh Penalties: Sex crime convictions in Virginia Beach carry severe consequences, including lengthy prison sentences, substantial fines, and mandatory sex offender registration.
  • Effective Defense Strategies Exist: A seasoned Virginia Beach sex crime lawyer can challenge evidence, assert defenses like consent or mistaken identity, and protect your constitutional rights throughout the process.
  • The Legal Process is Complex: From initial investigation and arrest to preliminary hearings, grand jury indictments, and trial, navigating the Virginia legal system requires an attorney deeply familiar with its intricacies.
  • Future Implications are Severe: Beyond incarceration, a conviction impacts employment, housing, reputation, and personal relationships indefinitely due to public registries and societal stigma.

Virginia Beach Sex Crime Lawyer: Indisputable Defense Authority

Facing allegations of a sex crime in Virginia Beach is an immediate crisis that demands a profound and seasoned legal response. As an attorney who has dedicated over two decades to defending individuals accused of serious offenses in this jurisdiction, I can attest to the life-altering stakes involved. A sex crime charge is not merely a legal hurdle; it is a direct threat to your liberty, your reputation, your career, and every facet of your future. The legal landscape in Virginia, particularly concerning sex offenses, is exceptionally complex and unforgiving. Without immediate, authoritative intervention from an experienced sex offense attorney VA Beach residents can trust, the path forward can be fraught with irreversible errors.

At Law Offices Of SRIS, P.C., our approach is forged from years of hands-on experience in the courtroom, meticulously dissecting evidence, challenging prosecutorial assertions, and advocating fiercely for our clients. We understand that accusations often arise from complex circumstances, misunderstandings, or even malicious intent. Our commitment is to ensure that your side of the story is heard, your rights are protected, and every available legal avenue is explored to achieve the best possible outcome. This comprehensive guide serves as an authoritative resource, offering a clear understanding of what you face and how a robust defense can be constructed.

The Staggering Consequences of a Sex Crime Conviction in Virginia Beach

A conviction for a sex crime in Virginia Beach carries ramifications that extend far beyond a prison sentence, fundamentally altering an individual’s life and future prospects. These penalties are designed to be punitive and often involve lifelong restrictions and public humiliation.

In Virginia, the legal framework governing sex crimes is severe, reflecting society’s low tolerance for such offenses. The consequences are multifaceted, encompassing not just incarceration and fines but also the devastating impact of mandatory sex offender registration. Under Virginia law, particularly Virginia Code § 18.2-472.1, individuals convicted of certain sex offenses face a statutory requirement to register with the Virginia Sex Offender and Crimes Against Children Registry. This registration is often for life and requires regular updates, making an individual’s conviction public and readily accessible, thereby hindering employment, housing, and social integration.

Felony vs. Misdemeanor Sex Offenses

Sex offenses in Virginia are categorized as either felonies or misdemeanors, with felonies carrying far more severe penalties:

  • Felonies: These are the most serious sex crimes, including offenses like rape (Virginia Code § 18.2-61), forcible sodomy (Virginia Code § 18.2-67.1), object sexual penetration (Virginia Code § 18.2-67.2), and aggravated sexual battery (Virginia Code § 18.2-67.3). Convictions can lead to decades, or even life, in state prison. For example, rape in Virginia can carry a life sentence.
  • Misdemeanors: Less severe but still serious, misdemeanor sex offenses include crimes like sexual battery (Virginia Code § 18.2-67.5) or certain public indecency charges. While prison sentences are shorter (up to 12 months in jail), these convictions can still trigger sex offender registration requirements and carry significant social stigma.

Specific Penalties Under Virginia Law

Beyond the direct sentences, Virginia Code § 19.2-298.1 outlines specific sentencing guidelines for sex offenses, often including mandatory minimum sentences, especially for crimes against children (Virginia Code § 18.2-370). The courts in Virginia Beach Circuit Court, applying these statutes, have little discretion to deviate from certain mandatory sentences once a conviction is secured. This makes the pre-trial and trial phases incredibly critical for any individual accused of a sex crime.

The long-term consequences also involve a loss of civil liberties, such as voting rights (though these can be restored after a period), and the profound difficulty in rebuilding a life. A sex offense attorney VA Beach residents hire must understand these far-reaching implications to effectively convey the gravity of the situation and construct a defense aimed at avoiding or mitigating these life-altering consequences.

Navigating the Legal Process: From Accusation to Resolution

The legal process for a sex crime accusation in Virginia Beach is a labyrinth of investigative steps, court appearances, and strategic decisions that demand an attorney’s meticulous guidance from the very first moment. Each stage presents critical opportunities for defense.

My years of practice as a Virginia Beach sex crime lawyer have given me an intimate understanding of how the legal system in this jurisdiction operates. The process begins long before an individual is formally charged, often with an investigation initiated by the Virginia Beach Police Department or Virginia State Police based on an allegation.

Stages of the Legal Process:

  1. Investigation: This phase can involve interviews by law enforcement, collection of physical evidence (e.g., DNA, electronic data), and warrant execution. It is during this crucial period that an individual, if contacted by police, should immediately invoke their right to remain silent and request legal counsel.
  2. Arrest and Booking: If probable cause is established, an arrest is made. The individual is then booked, fingerprinted, photographed, and often held without bond or on a significant bond amount, pending a bond hearing.
  3. Bond Hearing: Typically held within 24-72 hours, this hearing determines if the accused can be released from custody while their case proceeds. The Virginia Beach General District Court or Circuit Court judge considers factors like flight risk, danger to the community, and the severity of the alleged offense.
  4. Preliminary Hearing (for Felonies): In the Virginia Beach General District Court, a preliminary hearing is held for felony charges. The prosecution must show there is “probable cause” that a crime occurred and that the defendant committed it. This is not a trial but an opportunity for the defense to hear some of the prosecution’s evidence and potentially cross-examine witnesses. For a sexual assault lawyer VA, this hearing is vital for gathering discovery.
  5. Grand Jury Indictment: If probable cause is found at the preliminary hearing, or in cases where no preliminary hearing is held, the case is presented to a grand jury. The grand jury, a group of citizens, decides if there is enough evidence to formally indict the accused. If indicted, the case moves to the Virginia Beach Circuit Court for trial.
  6. Arraignment: In Circuit Court, the defendant is formally advised of the charges and enters a plea (guilty, not guilty, or nolo contendere).
  7. Discovery and Motion Practice: Both sides exchange information and evidence. Defense attorneys file motions to suppress evidence, compel discovery, or challenge aspects of the prosecution’s case. This stage is critical for an experienced sex offense attorney VA Beach to build their defense.
  8. Plea Bargaining: Negotiations between the defense and the Virginia Beach Commonwealth’s Attorney’s Office may occur to reach a plea agreement, which often involves pleading guilty to a lesser charge or receiving a reduced sentence in exchange for a plea.
  9. Trial: If no plea agreement is reached, the case proceeds to trial in the Virginia Beach Circuit Court. A judge or jury hears evidence, testimony, and legal arguments before rendering a verdict.
  10. Sentencing: If convicted, the court will impose a sentence based on Virginia’s sentencing guidelines, the severity of the crime, and the defendant’s criminal history. This can include incarceration, fines, probation (supervised by Probation and Parole), and mandatory sex offender registration.
  11. Appeal: Following a conviction, there may be grounds for appeal to a higher court, challenging legal errors made during the trial.

At every stage, the role of your Virginia Beach sex crime lawyer is to advise you, protect your rights, and strategically position your case for the most favorable outcome. My firm navigates these complex waters daily, ensuring no detail is overlooked.

The SRIS Virginia Sex Crime Defense Readiness Guide Tool

Preparing for a sex crime defense requires systematic organization and a clear understanding of the immediate steps necessary to protect your interests. The SRIS Virginia Sex Crime Defense Readiness Guide is designed to provide actionable steps.

In moments of crisis, clarity and a structured approach are invaluable. This guide, developed from years of practical experience, helps individuals understand the critical actions they should take from the moment an accusation arises. It’s not a substitute for legal counsel but a framework to ensure you are taking the right preliminary steps.

The SRIS Virginia Sex Crime Defense Readiness Guide

  1. Do NOT Speak to Law Enforcement Without Counsel: Your absolute first step. If contacted by the Virginia Beach Police Department or any law enforcement agency, politely state you wish to speak with your attorney before answering any questions. This is your constitutional right. Remember, anything you say can and will be used against you.
  2. Secure Legal Representation Immediately: Contact Law Offices Of SRIS, P.C. at 888-437-7747 without delay. Early intervention by an experienced sex offense attorney VA Beach is crucial for shaping the narrative and protecting your rights.
  3. Do NOT Destroy or Alter Evidence: Do not delete texts, emails, social media posts, or discard physical items. Tampering with evidence can lead to additional, severe charges.
  4. Document Everything You Recall: Write down everything you remember about the alleged incident, including dates, times, locations, who was present, and any relevant communications. This can be invaluable to your legal team.
  5. Identify Potential Witnesses: List anyone who may have relevant information, even if you think it’s minor. Provide their contact details to your attorney.
  6. Review Your Digital Footprint: Be aware of your online presence. Your attorney will guide you on how to handle social media or other digital communications during the process.
  7. Understand & Adhere to Bond Conditions: If released on bond, strictly follow all conditions set by the Virginia Beach General District Court or Circuit Court (e.g., no contact orders, travel restrictions). Violating bond can lead to immediate re-arrest and a higher bond.
  8. Maintain Discretion: Do not discuss your case with anyone other than your attorney. This includes friends, family, or even cellmates if you are in custody.
  9. Prepare for Financial Implications: Understand that legal defense can be costly. Discuss fee structures and payment plans with your attorney.
  10. Attend All Court Dates: Punctual attendance at all scheduled court proceedings in the Virginia Beach Circuit Court or other relevant courts is mandatory. Failure to appear will result in an arrest warrant.

Utilizing this guide can help organize your immediate response, but the cornerstone of any effective defense is the guidance of a seasoned sexual assault lawyer VA. My team at Law Offices Of SRIS, P.C. is ready to provide that guidance.

Developing a Strategic Defense: Legal Approaches & Defenses

A robust defense against sex crime charges in Virginia Beach is built on a meticulous examination of the evidence, a deep understanding of legal precedent, and an aggressive posture in challenging the prosecution’s case. There are multiple avenues a skilled attorney can pursue.

Having navigated countless sex crime cases over two decades, I’ve seen firsthand that no two situations are identical. Effective defense strategies are not boilerplate; they are meticulously crafted based on the unique facts, evidence, and legal nuances of each case. My role as a Virginia Beach sex crime lawyer is to identify weaknesses in the prosecution’s case and build a compelling counter-narrative.

Key Defense Strategies:

  1. Challenging Consent: One of the most common and complex defenses in sexual assault cases is consent. If the alleged victim consented to the sexual act, then no crime occurred. This often involves examining communications, prior interactions, and the circumstances surrounding the alleged event. It requires careful handling, as the burden is on the prosecution to prove lack of consent beyond a reasonable doubt.
  2. Mistaken Identity/Alibi: If the accused can demonstrate they were not the perpetrator or were in a different location at the time of the alleged offense, this can be a powerful defense. This involves reviewing witness statements, surveillance footage, GPS data, and alibi witness testimony.
  3. False Accusation/Motive to Fabricate: Unfortunately, false accusations do occur, sometimes driven by revenge, jealousy, child custody disputes, or other ulterior motives. Uncovering a motive for a false accusation can be critical to dismantling the prosecution’s case. This requires thorough investigation into the accuser’s background and potential biases.
  4. Lack of Corroborating Evidence: In many sex crime cases, especially older ones, physical evidence may be scarce, and the case relies heavily on the alleged victim’s testimony. A skilled sexual assault lawyer VA will scrutinize the alleged victim’s credibility, inconsistencies in their statements, and the absence of any independent corroborating evidence.
  5. Constitutional Violations: Law enforcement must adhere to strict constitutional guidelines regarding searches, seizures, and interrogations. If evidence was obtained illegally (e.g., through an unlawful search warrant or coerced confession), an attorney can file a motion to suppress that evidence, potentially weakening the prosecution’s case significantly.
  6. Challenging Forensic Evidence: DNA evidence, if present, is often crucial in sex crime cases. However, forensic evidence is not infallible. An experienced sex offense attorney VA Beach can challenge the chain of custody, the methods of collection and analysis, or the interpretation of lab results, sometimes by bringing in independent forensic experts.
  7. Mental State (Mens Rea): For some sex crimes, the prosecution must prove a specific intent or mental state. If it can be demonstrated that the defendant lacked the requisite intent, a conviction may be avoided or a lesser charge secured.
  8. Self-Defense: While rare in sex crime cases, in certain circumstances (e.g., sexual battery during a physical altercation), a self-defense argument might be applicable.

Each of these strategies requires a deep dive into the facts, a command of Virginia criminal law, and a willingness to aggressively litigate. At Law Offices Of SRIS, P.C., our seasoned legal team is prepared to deploy these and other tailored strategies to defend your freedom.

Common Mistakes to Avoid When Accused of a Sex Crime

When facing a sex crime accusation in Virginia Beach, the actions you take immediately after the allegation, and throughout the legal process, can significantly impact the outcome of your case. Avoiding common pitfalls is as crucial as building a strong defense.

My two decades of defending clients in Virginia Beach have shown me that many individuals, acting out of panic, confusion, or a mistaken belief that they can “clear things up,” inadvertently harm their own cases. These mistakes can be incredibly difficult, if not impossible, to rectify later. Heed this advice from a seasoned Virginia Beach sex crime lawyer.

  1. Speaking to Police Without an Attorney: This is the cardinal rule. Law enforcement officers are trained to elicit information, not to protect your rights. Even if you believe you are innocent, anything you say can be misinterpreted or used to build a case against you. Politely but firmly state that you will not answer questions without your attorney present.
  2. Failing to Seek Immediate Legal Counsel: Delaying contacting a Virginia Beach sex crime lawyer allows the prosecution to build their case unimpeded. Evidence can be lost, witnesses’ memories fade, and opportunities for early intervention (e.g., preventing charges from being filed) are missed. The sooner an experienced sexual assault lawyer VA is involved, the better.
  3. Destroying or Tampering with Evidence: Deleting text messages, emails, social media posts, or disposing of physical items related to the accusation is a grave mistake. This can lead to charges of obstruction of justice or spoliation of evidence, which carry severe penalties independently of the original accusation.
  4. Contacting the Accuser or Witnesses: Do not attempt to contact the alleged victim, their family, or any potential witnesses in your case. This includes direct contact, messages, or attempts through third parties. Such actions can be seen as witness intimidation, harassment, or a violation of a protective order, leading to further criminal charges or unfavorable bond conditions.
  5. Posting About Your Case on Social Media: Anything you post online, even on private accounts, can be discovered and used against you by the prosecution. This includes statements about the case, expressions of anger, or even seemingly unrelated posts that can be misconstrued. Maintain a complete social media silence regarding your case.
  6. Failing to Follow Bond Conditions: If you are released on bond, there will be specific conditions (e.g., reporting requirements, curfews, no-contact orders, drug/alcohol testing). Violating any of these conditions, no matter how minor, can result in your bond being revoked, immediate re-arrest, and detention until your trial.
  7. Lying to Your Attorney: Your attorney cannot effectively defend you if they do not have all the facts, both good and bad. Be completely honest and transparent with your legal team. Everything you tell your attorney is protected by attorney-client privilege.
  8. Ignoring the Long-Term Consequences: Some individuals focus only on avoiding jail time, overlooking the lifelong burden of sex offender registration, social stigma, and professional ramifications. An experienced sex offense attorney VA Beach will ensure you understand all potential outcomes.

By avoiding these common missteps, you significantly strengthen your position and provide your Virginia Beach sex crime lawyer with the best possible foundation for your defense.

Glossary of Key Terms for Sex Crime Cases

Navigating the legal system requires understanding its specialized language. Here are key terms commonly encountered in Virginia Beach sex crime cases, explained simply.

Arraignment:
The first court appearance in a circuit court where a defendant is formally advised of the charges and enters a plea of guilty or not guilty.
Bond Hearing:
A court proceeding where a judge determines whether a defendant can be released from custody before trial and, if so, under what conditions (e.g., bail amount, restrictions).
Consent:
Voluntary agreement to engage in a sexual act. In Virginia, consent must be freely given, sober, and able to be withdrawn at any time.
Discovery:
The legal process where both the prosecution and defense exchange information and evidence relevant to the case, including police reports, witness statements, and forensic analysis.
Felony:
A serious crime punishable by imprisonment in a state prison for more than one year, often carrying mandatory minimum sentences for sex offenses in Virginia.
Grand Jury:
A group of citizens who hear evidence presented by the prosecutor and decide whether there is enough probable cause to issue an indictment (formal charges) against a defendant.
Preliminary Hearing:
A hearing in the General District Court for felony charges where a judge determines if there is probable cause to send the case to a grand jury for potential indictment.
Sex Offender Registry:
A state database (in Virginia, the Sex Offender and Crimes Against Children Registry) that requires individuals convicted of certain sex crimes to register their personal information, often for life, making it publicly accessible.

Common Scenarios & Questions Facing Individuals in Virginia Beach

Individuals accused of sex crimes often find themselves in bewildering and terrifying situations. These scenarios, drawn from common experiences, illustrate the immediate need for a Virginia Beach sex crime lawyer and the complex nature of such cases.

Scenario 1: The Unexpected Police Knock

“I was home when two Virginia Beach Police Department officers showed up at my door, asking to ‘talk about an incident.’ They wouldn’t specify what it was about, just that my name came up. I feel like I haven’t done anything wrong, but now I’m terrified. What should I do?”

Our Insight: This is a classic police tactic. They are gathering information and likely have an accusation against you. Your immediate response is critical. Do NOT invite them in or answer any questions. Politely state, “I do not consent to any searches or questioning, and I would like to speak with my attorney.” Then, call Law Offices Of SRIS, P.C. at 888-437-7747 immediately. Engaging with police without counsel is a common mistake that can inadvertently incriminate you.

Scenario 2: False Accusation from a Disgruntled Ex

“My ex-partner, with whom I have a contentious child custody dispute in the Virginia Beach Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court, has suddenly accused me of sexual assault. This is completely false, and I believe it’s a tactic to gain an advantage in our custody battle. How do I clear my name?”

Our Insight: False accusations, particularly in the context of domestic disputes or custody battles, are unfortunately a reality. Such allegations are taken seriously by law enforcement and the Virginia Beach Commonwealth’s Attorney’s Office. You need an aggressive sexual assault lawyer VA to meticulously investigate the accuser’s credibility, their motives, and any inconsistencies in their story. We would also examine the history of the relationship and the custody proceedings for relevant context.

Scenario 3: The Party Gone Wrong

“I was at a party in Virginia Beach, and I genuinely believed all interactions were consensual. Now, days later, I’ve received a summons for sexual battery. I’m shocked and confused. I truly thought everything was okay. What does ‘consent’ truly mean in the eyes of the law, and how can I defend myself?”

Our Insight: Cases involving questions of consent are incredibly challenging and fact-specific. Virginia law defines consent strictly. Factors like intoxication, coercion, or miscommunication can complicate matters significantly. Your Virginia Beach sex crime lawyer will need to thoroughly investigate all aspects of the encounter, including witness statements, electronic communications, and any forensic evidence. We would focus on establishing that you had a reasonable belief in consent based on the totality of the circumstances.

Frequently Asked Questions About Virginia Beach Sex Crime Defense

Q1: What is the first thing I should do if I am accused of a sex crime in Virginia Beach?

A: Your absolute first action should be to remain silent and contact an experienced Virginia Beach sex crime lawyer immediately. Do not answer questions from law enforcement without your attorney present, and do not attempt to explain your side of the story to anyone else.

Q2: Can I refuse a police interview if they haven’t arrested me yet?

A: Yes, you have the constitutional right to remain silent and refuse an interview. You are not obligated to speak to police, even if you are not under arrest. Assert this right clearly and request an attorney immediately.

Q3: What are the potential penalties for a sex crime conviction in Virginia?

A: Penalties vary widely based on the specific charge but can include lengthy prison sentences (from months to life), substantial fines, mandatory registration as a sex offender (often for life), supervised probation by Probation and Parole, and a permanent criminal record that severely impacts employment, housing, and personal relationships.

Q4: How important is sex offender registration in Virginia?

A: It is profoundly important. Mandatory sex offender registration under Virginia Code § 18.2-472.1 is a lifelong burden that requires regular reporting to authorities, restricts where you can live and work, and makes your personal information publicly accessible, leading to significant social ostracization.

Q5: Can a sex crime charge be dismissed?

A: Yes, a sex crime charge can be dismissed if there is insufficient evidence, if constitutional rights were violated during the investigation, or through successful negotiation with the Virginia Beach Commonwealth’s Attorney’s Office. An aggressive defense by a sexual assault lawyer VA can maximize these chances.

Q6: What if the accusation is false or based on a misunderstanding?

A: False accusations are serious and require a vigorous defense. Your attorney will investigate the accuser’s credibility, any motives for false reporting, and gather evidence to demonstrate your innocence. Proving a false accusation requires a methodical and detailed approach.

Q7: What is the role of consent in a sex crime case?

A: Consent is a cornerstone of many sex crime defenses. Virginia law requires clear, affirmative, and voluntary consent. Your attorney will examine all communications and circumstances to establish whether consent was present and if the prosecution can prove its absence beyond a reasonable doubt.

Q8: Will my case go to trial in the Virginia Beach Circuit Court?

A: Not necessarily. Many cases are resolved through plea bargains or dismissals before reaching trial. However, your Virginia Beach sex crime lawyer should always prepare for trial in the Virginia Beach Circuit Court to ensure the strongest possible leverage during negotiations.

Q9: How long does a sex crime case typically take to resolve?

A: The duration varies greatly depending on the complexity of the case, the amount of evidence, and court dockets. Simple misdemeanor cases might resolve in a few months, while complex felony cases can take a year or more to reach a resolution in the Virginia Beach Circuit Court.

Q10: Can I get my record expunged if I am convicted?

A: In Virginia, expungement of a criminal record is generally only possible for charges that were dismissed, acquitted, or where a nolle prosequi (prosecution decides not to prosecute) was entered. Convictions, especially for sex crimes, are typically not eligible for expungement.

Q11: What if I was intoxicated during the alleged incident?

A: Voluntary intoxication is generally not a defense to a crime. However, if your intoxication was so severe that you could not form the necessary criminal intent for a specific intent crime, or if the alleged victim was intoxicated to the point they could not consent, these are complex legal issues that your sex offense attorney VA Beach will address.

Q12: What evidence is typically used in sex crime cases?

A: Evidence can include alleged victim and witness testimony, forensic evidence (DNA, sexual assault kits), electronic communications (texts, emails, social media), surveillance video, and police reports. Your attorney will meticulously review all discovery provided by the Virginia Beach Commonwealth’s Attorney’s Office.

Q13: How can a lawyer help me if I’m under investigation but not yet charged?

A: Early intervention is crucial. A Virginia Beach sex crime lawyer can often communicate with the Virginia Beach Police Department or the Commonwealth’s Attorney’s Office on your behalf, providing context, presenting exculpatory evidence, and potentially preventing charges from being filed altogether. They can also advise you on how to respond to police inquiries.

Q14: What is the difference between sexual battery and rape in Virginia?

A: Rape (Virginia Code § 18.2-61) involves sexual intercourse or specific sexual acts accomplished by force, threat, or when the victim is incapacitated. Sexual Battery (Virginia Code § 18.2-67.5) involves the unlawful touching or fondling of another with the intent to sexually molest, abuse, or gratify, but without penetration. Rape is a felony with severe penalties, while sexual battery is a misdemeanor but can still lead to sex offender registration.

Q15: What are the risks of a public defender in a sex crime case?

A: While public defenders are dedicated attorneys, they often have extremely high caseloads, which can limit the amount of individualized attention and resources they can dedicate to complex sex crime cases. Retaining a private, seasoned Virginia Beach sex crime lawyer from Law Offices Of SRIS, P.C. ensures your case receives comprehensive focus and aggressive advocacy.

For a confidential case review and to discuss your unique situation with a seasoned Virginia Beach sex crime lawyer, contact Law Offices Of SRIS, P.C. today. Your freedom and future are too important to leave to chance. Call us at 888-437-7747.

Disclaimer: This article is intended for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. The information provided is general in nature and may not apply to your specific situation. Laws are subject to change, and legal outcomes depend on various factors. For personalized legal guidance regarding a sex crime accusation in Virginia Beach, it is imperative to consult directly with a qualified attorney at Law Offices Of SRIS, P.C. Nothing in this article creates an attorney-client relationship. Please do not act or refrain from acting based on information found here without seeking professional legal counsel.